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Alexander The Great....
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Alexander the Great or Alexander of Macedon, in
Greek ("Megas Alexandros"), King of
Macedon (336 BC-323 BC), was one of the most successful military
commanders of the ancient world. He is known in some eastern traditions
such as the Middle-Persian literature as Alexander the Cursed due to his
burning of the Persian capital and national library. He is also known as
"Alexander Dulkarnayim" - Two-horned Alexander, because on coins he is
often depicted wearing the two ram's horns of the
Egyptian god Ammon. |
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Alexander the Great fighting the Persian |
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Following the unification of the multiple city states
of Ancient Greece under the rule of his father,
Philip II of Macedon, (a labor Alexander had to repeat - twice - because
south Greeks rebelled after Phillip's death), Alexander conquered the
Persian Empire, including Anatolia, Syria,
Phoenicia, Gaza, Egypt,
Bactria and Mesopotamia, and extended the boundaries of his own empire as
far as Punjab.
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Alexander integrated non-Greeks into his army and administration,
leading some scholars to credit him with a “policy of fusion.” He
encouraged marriage between Greeks and non-Greeks, and practiced it
himself. This was extremely unusual for the ancient world.
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After twelve years of constant military campaigning,
Alexander died, probably of malaria, typhoid or possibly a viral
encephalitis. His conquests ushered in centuries of Greco-Macedonian
settlement and rule over non-Greek areas, a period known as the
Hellenistic Age. Alexander himself
lived on in the history and myth of both Greek and non-Greek peoples.
Already during his lifetime, and especially after his death, his exploits
inspired a literary tradition in which he appears as a towering legendary
hero in the tradition of Achilles. Till Today the effect of Alexander the
great to this area and the middle east is big
and clear especially in Egypt Alexandria city
which his father Philip had build and dedicated the city under the name of
his son Alexander. |
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